Differents soins :
- Par les bains :http://psychiatrie.histoire.free.fr/pers/bio/albert.htm « le traitement de la folie par les bains remonte à l'Antiquité »
- L’hypnose http://psychiatrie.histoire.free.fr/pers/bio/berillon.htm http://psychiatrie.histoire.free.fr/index.htm
- méthodes psychochirurgicales (lobotomie), "mutilations irréversibles du cerveau" sans aucune preuve d'efficacité thérapeutique
- méthodes de choc (cure de sakel, convulsivothérapies chaise tournante, siège à secousses, bain surprise, etc.)
- exorcisme, bain-surprise, chaise-tournante et cage de fer.
Insulinothérapie : http://www.serpsy.org/piste_recherche/choc/masseix_choc.html ,
Cure de Sakel : Suite à une injection, le patient est plongé dans un profond coma insulinique. « Il s'agit essentiellement de chocs hypoglycémiques provoqués par une injection massive d'insuline. Cette thérapeutique qui entraîne un coma et des convulsions chez le patient porte par la suite le nom d'insulinothérapie. http://alainriouxpq.iquebec.com/schztrai.htm <== pleins d’infos
· Sismothérapie http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sismoth%C3%A9rapie
- chimiothérapiques (neuroleptiques, antidépresseurs)
« l'opium ou l'un de ses dérivés, le chloral, les barbituriques, le bromure, etc. et se révélaient très toxiques et inefficaces. Ce n'est qu'en 1952 que furent mis en circulation les premiers neuroleptiques, Largactil, le Serpasil puis quelques années plus tard l'Halopéridol qui par leur action sédative puissante créaient une vague de pacification dans ces services encombrés où l'agressivité et l'agitation était la règle et où des relations de force réglaient le dialogue entre le personnel soignants et les patients. Ainsi, on découvrait aussi leur action spécifique sur les psychoses. »
- narcothérapie mise au point en 1921 par Klaesi afin de traiter schizophrénie par le sommeil. Aussi par absorption de barbituriques.
- Le fauteuil tournant : le malade, assis et attaché sur une solide chaise, était secoué et mis en mouvement circulaire sur un axe placé en dessous de lui. L’idée, élaborée à partir de certaines observations fortuites, était que ces secousses pouvaient provoquer une sorte de " remise en place " des idées. Bien entendu, en dehors peut-être de sensations psychiques de vertige et de nausée, ces mesures n’eurent aucun bénéfice sur les malades. è http://www.serpsy.org/piste_recherche/choc/masseix_choc.html
- La malariathérapie : technique qui n'est plus employée et qui consistait à stimuler les défenses naturelles de l'organisme en injectant chez un sujet sain, le Plasmodium du paludisme. Il s'agissait essentiellement d'éviter les symptômes de type paralysie générale. Syn. : impaludation thérapeutique, paludothérapie. Son inventeur, Julius Wagner-Jauregg a reçu le prix Nobel de médecine. (il a aussi traité les soldats traumatisés par la guerre par des électrochocs…) http://www.serpsy.org/psy_levons_voile/personnalite/jauregg.html
Biblio Annales médico-psychologiques, journal de l'aliénation mentale et de la médecine légale des aliénés (1929) è http://web2.bium.univ-paris5.fr/livanc/?cote=90152x1929x02&p=68&do=page (description des amélioration dues au traitement sur certains patients…)
· musicothérapie
Des savants
- Jules (Gabriel François) BAILLARGER à l’origine des trouble bipolaires http://psychiatrie.histoire.free.fr/pers/bio/baillarger.htm
- Benjamin BALL étude de substances aujourd'hui classés parmi les stupéfiants: plusieurs de ses publications ont trait aux effets du haschich et de ses vertus thérapeutiques, de la morphine et de la cocaïne http://psychiatrie.histoire.free.fr/pers/bio/ball.htm
- Désiré-Magloire BOURNEVILLE un des fondateurs de la pédopsychiatrie http://psychiatrie.histoire.free.fr/index.htm
- Jean-Martin CHARCOT un monsieur important…
- Elie COL DE VILARS (ou Col de Villars) et René-Jacques CROISSANT de GARENGEOT http://psychiatrie.histoire.free.fr/pers/bio/coldevilars.htm « Ces docteurs régents de la Faculté et chirurgiens jurés de Paris "établis près le Châtelet", assermentés et habilités à effectuer les constatations et rapports médico-judiciaires, sont ainsi les prédécesseurs de nos experts psychiatres médico-légaux. »
- Henri DAGONET médecin chef à Sainte-Anne il publie pour la première fois des photos de malades http://psychiatrie.histoire.free.fr/pers/bio/dagonet.htm
· Antiques
Ø HIPPOCRATE (grec)
Ø CELSE (romain)
Ø GALIEN (romain)
Ø CELIUS AURELIEN (romain)
Les lieux
- asile Sainte-Anne à Paris ouvert en 1867
- prison de Privas, où, comme souvent alors, des aliénés étaient mêlés aux prisonniers
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